Abstract

"Materials and Methods": Twelve 3 to 14 month-old male New Zealand white rabbits were used. Titanium caps of 3 mm or 5 mm radius were filled with demineralized freeze-dried bone and placed upside down on left or right side of the rabbits' calvaria. After 3 months of healing, the skulls were retrieved "en bloc" with the caps "in situ" and processed for histological observation. Coronal sections were cut through the center of the augmented tissue. The highest point of the augmented tissue was measured directly with a Boley gauge. Bone healing was evaluated by a semi-quantitative bone score system based on the relative proportion of newly formed bone in the caps. "Results": The small defect size was found to give a significantly greater percentage at 93.8% of bone fill than the large defect size at 75.0% (p=0.02). In terms of new bone formation, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the small defects had significant higher bone scores than the large defects (p=0.008). "Conclusions": The results from the present in vivo rabbit calvarial model show that small defects have a significant greater percentage of bone fill and higher levels of new bone formation. During vertical bone augmentation of larger defects, the process seems to take longer for the new bone to form and mature. Further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate healing time for vertically augmented new bone in relation to implant loading. (J Taiwan Periodtontol, 20(3):169-177, 2015)

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