Abstract
Biodiesel production from microalgae depends on the biomass and lipid production. Both biomass and lipid accumulation is controlled by several factors. The effect of various culture media (BG11, BBM, and Urea), nutrients stress [nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg) and carbonate (CO3)] and gamma (γ) radiation on the growth and lipid accumulation of Dictyochloropsis splendida were investigated. The highest biomass and lipid yield of D. splendida were achieved on BG11 medium. Cultivation of D. splendida in a medium containing 3000 mg L−1 N, or 160 mg L−1 P, or 113 mg L−1 Mg, or 20 mg L-1 CO3, led to enhanced growth rate. While under the low concentrations of nutrients caused a marked increase in the lipid content. Cultures exposure to 25 Gy of γ-rays, led to an increase in lipid content up to 18.26 ± 0.81 %. Lipid profile showed the maximum presence of saturated fatty acids (SFAs, 63.33%), and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs, 37.02%). Fatty acids (FAs) recorded the predominance of C16:0, C18:2, C15:0 and C16:1, which strongly proved D. splendida is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production.
Highlights
Renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly biofuels are development fields and attractive research that are much needed because of fossil fuels depletion and environmental pollution
Vast use of edible oils may cause food supplies versus fuel issue 4, 2 biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil, animal fats and nonedible vegetable oils such as jatropha 5, and 3) third generation biodiesel is produced from microalgae 6
The increase in the LY of D. splendida when cultured on the BG11 medium may be back to the high N concentration (1.5 g L-1) in the BG11 medium which led to an increasing μmax, where LY
Summary
Sustainable, and eco-friendly biofuels are development fields and attractive research that are much needed because of fossil fuels depletion and environmental pollution. Biodiesel can be classified according to their source into 1) biodiesel produced from edible oil (first generation) such as soybeans, rapeseed, and sunflower seeds 3. About 7% of global edible vegetable oil supplies were utilized for biodiesel production in 2007. Vast use of edible oils may cause food supplies versus fuel issue (food crisis) 4, 2 biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil, animal fats and nonedible vegetable oils (second generation) such as jatropha 5, and 3) third generation biodiesel is produced from microalgae 6. The advantages of microalgae over higher plants as a source of biodiesel: 1) synthesize and accumulate large quantities of neutral lipids, 2) Possess a high photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate, 3) Grow on saline/brackish water and nonarable land as well as it can utilize nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) of wastewater, 4) Can grow in photobioreactors with higher biomass production. The advantages of microalgae over higher plants as a source of biodiesel: 1) synthesize and accumulate large quantities of neutral lipids, 2) Possess a high photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate, 3) Grow on saline/brackish water and nonarable land as well as it can utilize nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) of wastewater, 4) Can grow in photobioreactors with higher biomass production. 5) Sequester CO2 through photosynthesis and so reducing greenhouse gas emission 7
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