Impact of cultural dimensions on CRM under face-to-face learning mode and distance learning mode in Papua New Guinea

Abstract

Distance learning mode provides for virtual interactive learning. However, people in certain social structures prefer customised and face-to-face learning to distance learning due to the influence of their culture-specific factors on the learning process. This paper examines the impact of cultural factors on face-to-face and distance learning modes in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The study used the Hofstede's cultural variables to assess the impact of culture on face-to-face and distance learning modes, and concluded that cultural factors contributed for the success of face-to-face-learning in contrast to distance learning. It is therefore suggested that distance learning should be complimented with the instructors and/or tutors support that is available in face-to face learning mode in the societies like PNG viz., high power distance, high degree of uncertainty avoidance, collectivism and femininity.