Abstract
Owing to the underlying negative impact of crude oil to the ecosystem, this study investigated the effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil on selected soil physiochemical properties and bacteria using appropriate standard methods. The investigation was carried out using control (without WSF), 2, 5, 10 and 20% concentration for 42 days and analysis was carried out at day 0, 14, 28 and 42 using standard protocol. The result showed that WSF treatment increased the concentration of physicochemical properties especially for day 0 while as the time of exposure increased their concentration decreased. A significant ( p <0.05) increase in THC, nitrate, electrical conductivity and sodium ion at day 0 across from control to 20% and a similar result at day 14 for nitrate, however as concentration increased with time a significant decrease was observed except for sodium which had little or no changes. pH decrease with time from day 0 to day 14 and maintained a steady concentration afterwards. Potassium, calcium and magnesium ion conc. decreased significantly ( p <0.05) for each time (Day 0, 14, 28 and 42). Bacteria count decreased as exposure time increased, and increased with concentration within specific time. Bacteria count significantly decreased at day 0, increased significantly at WSF 20% for day 14 and 28 while an insignificant decrease was observed at day 42 when compared with control. This result suggests that consistent contamination with WSF could adversely alter the soil physiochemical properties and decrease soil bacteria count leaving just hydrocarbon degrading bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus subtilis to thrive. Oil spillage site should be prevented or promptly remediated to maintain soil physicochemical properties and indigenous microbes essential for soil fertility and Nutrient availability to plants. Keywords: Water soluble fraction, Oil spillage, Soil Physiochemical properties, Soil Bacteria
Highlights
Owing to the underlying negative impact of crude oil to the ecosystem, this study investigated the effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil on selected soil physiochemical properties and bacteria using appropriate standard methods
Besides the useful products produced from the industry, some negative impacts are associated with the exploration process and the major consequence is environmental pollution through drilling cutting, drilling effluents, gas flaring and Oil spillage (Olajire, 2014; Ngene et al, 2016)
Owing to the negative impact of crude oil on the living biota and the quest to provide a very effective solution, this study was carried out to investigate the impact of water soluble fraction of crude oil on soil physicochemical properties and bacteria population in contamination cases
Summary
A portion was fractionated according to the method of Anderson et al (1974) into water soluble and water insoluble fraction using 1:2 dilution; 400ml of crude oil and 800mls of distilled water was put in a 1 litre conical flask and constantly stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 48h. Bacteria Analysis: The nursery bags were purchased sterilized and enclosed in a sterilized container, glassware were treated for 2 h at 1600C in a hot-air oven while distilled water and growth media were autoclaved for 15mins at 1210C. Concentrated solution was prepared by mixing 1 gram soil sample suspended in 10mls of sterile water and suspension was diluted serially from 102 to 1010 and 106, 108, and 1010 was used in estimating aerobic heterotrophic bacteria by pour plate method in triplicates each. Tukey analysis was used for significant difference set at P
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