Impact of Covid 19 Vaccine on Male and Female Fertility

Abstract

Background:The COVID-19 outbreak has emerged as one of the most difficult global medical crises in a decade. SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen responsible for the disease, has contaminated more than 110 million individuals and resulted in over 2.30 million deaths worldwide within the first year of its emergence. The global scientific community has been working tirelessly to understand the virus, develop vaccines, and comprehend natural immunity. Objective:This review aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on male and female fertility, with a primary focus on the mechanisms and effects of different COVID-19 vaccines on fertility. Methodology:We reviewed existing literature on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on fertility and the various COVID-19 vaccines authorized for emergency use. Special emphasis was placed on the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson–Janssen vaccines, which received emergency use approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration at the end of 2020 and the beginning of 2022. Results:The study will provide insights into the direct effects of the virus on male and female fertility and how different vaccines might influence these effects. Each vaccine has a unique mechanism of action, which may have varying implications for fertility. Conclusion:This review highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between COVID-19 vaccines and fertility, as this knowledge is crucial for informed decision-making regarding vaccination, particularly among individuals concerned about reproductive health. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the long-term impacts of these vaccines on male and female fertility.