Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on timing and early clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Abstract

Background We sought to investigate the applicability and outcomes of a novel system to manage patients requiring transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at a tertiary level hospital during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods To analyse the impact of hospitalisation pathways during the pandemic on clinical outcomes of TAVI patients, the study population was divided into two groups (pre-pandemic and pandemic groups) and all perioperative/follow-up data were compared. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 days; secondary endpoints included procedural success and short-term complications. Results A total of 315 patients received TAVI during the study period. Pandemic group (n = 77) showed a more complex baseline clinical profile (NYHA class III-IV, 70.1% vs. 56.3%; p = 0.03). The overall time to procedure was significantly longer during pandemic (56.9 ± 68.3 vs.37.7 ± 25.4; p = 0.004) while intensive care unit stay was shorter (2.2 ± 1.4 vs. 3.7 ± 3.9, p < 0.05). Hospitalisation length was similar in both groups as well as all-cause mortality rate and the incidence of major periprocedural complications. No case of infection by COVID-19 was reported among patients during the hospital stay. Conclusions Comparative analysis of early clinical outcomes showed that COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the safety and effectiveness of TAVI as similar rates of procedural complications and all-cause mortality were reported than before February 2020. Despite the increased time lag between diagnosis and procedure and a more complex clinical profile of patients at baseline, the revised pathway of hospitalisation allowed to resume inpatient procedures while not affecting patients’ and healthcare workers’ safety.