Impact of COVID-19 on STEMI: Second youth for fibrinolysis or time to centralized approach?

Abstract

On March 11th 2020 the World Health Organization declared the pandemic infection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Italy was one of the most affected country. The regional Emergency Medical System (EMS) founded itself facing an exponential increase in hospitalizations with a consequent organizational system crisis. Experts from Cina, UK and US suggested to reconsider thrombolysis as the best treatment in term of balance between time consumption and operators safety for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients respect to primary PCI (pPCI). The system reorganization consisted in a centralization of all the emergency nets: from 55 hospitals with cardiac catheterization laboratories distributed within our region offering a 24/7 service we passed to 13 Hub and 42 Spoke centres. Dedicated in-hospital paths for patients COVID positive or suspected (pCOV+) and COVID negative (pCOV−) were instituted. We analysed all consecutive patients undergoing emergency coronary angiogram from March 14 to April 14, 2020 at San Carlo Hospital in Milan comparing the two different in-hospital paths. We collected 30 STEMI patients. Eighteen patients (60%) were treated in pCOV−, while twelve patients (40%) in pCOV+. No significant differences were found among the two groups regarding key time points of STEMI care and interestingly we didn't find any treatment delay in pCOV+. In conclusion, a focused overhaul of the EMS may allow to maintain pPCI as the treatment of choice for patients and operators.