Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes during delivery admissions: a nationwide analysis with clinical implications

Abstract

Background The available literature indicates a link between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and a heightened probability of experiencing negative outcomes for both the pregnant patient and the developing fetus. We compared clinical outcomes of pregnant patients with or without COVID-19 hospitalized during delivery. Methods Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare outcomes and was adjusted for patient-related, hospital-related, and illness severity indicators. Results We identified a total of 3,447,771 pregnant patients admitted between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020; 1.3% (n = 46,050) had COVID-19. COVID-19–positive patients had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (0.15% vs 0.05%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–14.25, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (0.9% vs 0.05%, aOR 14.2, 95% CI 10.7–18.76, P < 0.001), vasopressor use (0.26% vs 0.14%, aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07–2.02, P = 0.01), and perinatal maternal complications like preeclampsia (9.66% vs 7.04%, aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.2–1.39, P < 0.001) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (0.53% vs 0.26%, aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.43–2.61, P < 0.001) than COVID-19–negative patients. Discussion Clinicians should be aware of the heightened risk of complications in pregnant patients with COVID-19 and consider strategies to mitigate them.