Impact of COVID-19 on mechanical complications in ST elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Abstract Background Mechanical complications (MC) give a poor prognosis for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Its prevalence had decreased in the era of primary angioplasty, at the expense of free wall rupture (FWR). Purpose To analyse the prevalence of post-STEMI MC for two periods, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Unicentric prospective registration of patients with STEMI admitted between January-2018 and December-2021. They are classified into two groups according to the onset of the pandemic by COVID-19: Pre-COVID: January-2018 to December-2019, and Post-COVID: January-2020 to December-2021. The prevalence of post-STEMI MC is analysed, including ventricular septal rupture (VSR), papillary muscle rupture (PMR) and FWR, and 30-day mortality. Results 1507 consecutive patients with STEMI (Pre-COVID n=775, Post-COVID n=732) are included. Age 62.9 years vs 63.3 years (p=0.5097). Men 78.1% Vs 79.5% (p=0.493). No differences in cardiovascular risk factors, previous heart infarction or anterior wall STEMI. Primary angioplasty was similar in both groups (92%). The Post-COVID group has a higher prevalence of Killip>I (21.7% vs 17.2% p=0.025) and LVEF ≤40% (27.2% vs 20% p=0.001), and longer symptom onset to balloon dilatation interval (316 min vs 257 min p=0.0004). MC are most developed in Post-COVID (2.6% vs 1.2% p=0.039), at the expense of FWR (1.91% vs 0.3% p=0.001). No significant changes in VSR and PMR prevalence or 30-day mortality. Multivariate analysis identifies the independent predictors of FWR: Age (OR 1.05, p=0.024), Primary angioplasty (OR 0.09, p<0.001), and Post-COVID (OR 6.8, p=0.013). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic is independently associated with a higher prevalence of FWR, probably due to delayed reperfusion. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.