Impact of Congenital Uterine Anomalies on Ectopic Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of 510 Cases

Abstract

Abstract Background: Congenital uterine abnormalities may affect a woman’s ability to reproduce, leading to negative pregnancy-related consequences. One to two percent of all pregnancies are said to carry the risk of an ectopic pregnancy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between reproductive, obstetric, and natal outcomes and various subtypes of congenital uterine abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 510 infertile women with a mean age of 36.72 ± 6.99 years. All were submitted to a thorough medical, gynecological, and obstetrical history, and 3D sonography. As well, hysteroscopy examinations were also performed for all females to reveal uterine contours, and detect any Mullerian system anomalies. Uterine anomalies when diagnosed were classified according to the “ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies.” Results: The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies was 44.9% among patients with ectopic pregnancy. The most common uterine anomaly was uterine septum (962.4%), followed by T-shape uterus (25.8%), then unicornuate (9.2%), and the least incidence was the bicornuate uterus (2.6%). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a significantly higher (OR = 1.82) overall risk of developing secondary infertility (P = 0.001). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a significantly increased overall risk (OR = 1.476) of experiencing an abortion (P = 0.043). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a much higher probability of not giving birth to a live child (OR = 1.72, P = 0.005). Conclusion: When compared to women without anomalies, those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a markedly higher overall risk of developing secondary infertility, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and a much higher probability of not giving birth to a live child.