Impact of communication time delays on combined LFC and AVR of a multi-area hybrid system with IPFC-RFBs coordinated control strategy

C H Naga Sai Kalyan,G Sambasiva Rao

doi:10.1186/s41601-021-00185-z

Abstract

In this paper, the impact of communication time delays (CTDs) on combined load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulation (AVR) of a multi-area system with hybrid generation units is addressed. Investigation reveals that CTDs have significant effect on system performance. A classical PID controller is employed as a secondary regulator and its parametric gains are optimized with a differential evolution - artificial electric field algorithm (DE-AEFA). The superior performance of the presented algorithm is established by comparing with various optimization algorithms reported in the literature. The investigation is further extended to integration of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) with tie-lines. Analysis reveals that IPFC and RFBs coordinated control enhances system dynamic performance. Finally, the robustness of the proposed control methodology is validated by sensitivity analysis during wide variations of system parameters and load.

Highlights

A modern power system incorporates a variety of power generation units interconnected together to provide high quality power to meet varying load demand
The performance of the presented Differential evolution (DE)-Artificial electric field algorithm (AEFA) strategy is compared with other optimization algorithmbased controllers that are available such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) [17], grey wolf optimization (GWO) [2], backtracking search algorithm (BSA) [19] and HGA-PSO [3] tuned PID controllers
The performance index values are significantly reduced with the proposed strategy compared to other approaches, because of the combined

Summary

Introduction

A modern power system incorporates a variety of power generation units interconnected together to provide high quality power to meet varying load demand. These generation units are usually grouped to form coherent groups or control areas, while all generators in control areas must run in synchrony. Each control area is intended to be associated with other control areas through tie-lines, where power exchanges between control areas take place. As the system load is never constant, maintaining system stability, which depends on maintaining both frequency and system terminal voltage, is the most challenging task. The control over frequency can be achieved by minimizing active power mismatch between demand and generation through regulating the generator speed governor via LFC.

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Results

Conclusion