Abstract
An alternative approach for combined frequency control in multi-area power systems with significant wind power plant integration is described and discussed in detail. Demand response is considered as a decentralized and distributed resource by incorporating innovative frequency-sensitive load controllers into certain thermostatically controlled loads. Wind power plants comprising variable speed wind turbines include an auxiliary frequency control loop contributing to increase total system inertia in a combined manner, which further improves the system frequency performance. Results for interconnected power systems show how the proposed control strategy substantially improves frequency stability and decreases peak frequency excursion (nadir) values. The total need for frequency regulation reserves is reduced as well. Moreover, the requirements to exchange power in multi-area scenarios are significantly decreased. Extensive simulations under power imbalance conditions for interconnected power systems are also presented in the paper.
Highlights
The integration of renewable energy sources into power system has stressed system operation by causing balancing resources to cycle more frequently, and generating ramps of critical steepness or duration
The load decision to be involved in frequency control is determined individually by each controllable load attending to: (i ) the frequency excursion along the time; (ii ) the severity of such frequency deviations; and (iii ) the own load thermal characteristics that are in line with the off-time period ranges allowed by the customers
Computer simulations under different operating conditions were carried out using Matlab-Simulink environment to evaluate the suitability of both additional control actions counteracting frequency deviations: (i) Two different step load disturbances were considered for Control Area 1
Summary
The integration of renewable energy sources into power system has stressed system operation by causing balancing resources to cycle more frequently, and generating ramps of critical steepness or duration. Systems with reduced total inertia experience a sharper immediate frequency drop under imbalance and, are more vulnerable and sensitive to involuntary under-frequency load shedding [33] Due to this scenario, alternative resources connected to the grid, mainly PV solar installations and wind power plants, are required to provide ancillary services [34]. Alternative resources connected to the grid, mainly PV solar installations and wind power plants, are required to provide ancillary services [34] With this aim, a frequency-dependent control loop is proposed in [35] for Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs) to improve frequency response and provide an active contribution to the frequency control.
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