Impact of Cognitive Models on Survey Measurement

Abstract

During the past decade, cognitive theories have swept through survey methodology as they had earlier swept through psychology in 1970s and 1980s. Although the adoption of cognitive concepts and methods may seem quite rapid, it's still uncertain how much impact these ideas will ultimately have. The first effort to foster collaboration between cognitive scientists and survey researchers took place in the late 1970s, when the British Social Science Research Council sponsored a conference on retrospective data in surveys. The conference brought psychologists and survey researchers together, apparently for the first time, to explore measurement problems in surveys; the immediate product of the conference was a volume edited by Moss and Goldstein (1979) focusing on problems of recall. Similar efforts to spark collaborations between cognitive psychologists and survey researchers began in the United States in 1980 and reached an early watershed in 1983, when the Committee on National Statistics, with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), sponsored a seminar on cognitive aspects of survey methodology (see Jabine, Straf, Tanur, & Tourangeau, 1984). This seminar marked the beginning of long-term institutional support for the interdisciplinary movement, in the form of NSF grants to researchers outside the government and interagency transfers from NSF to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Much of the research reviewed in this book was carried out under grants from NSF, contracts from NCHS, or both.