Abstract
Background:Major depressive disorder is a common condition with a high rate of recurrence, chronicity, and affecting economic burden, including disability in the workplace, which leads to negative consequences on both individuals and society.Objectives:This study aimed to estimate the impact of cognitive dysfunction, as declared by the patient, on performing daily tasks/activities among patients with major depression disorder (MDD).Methods:This investigation is based on multinational cross-sectional survey of 499 workers recruited from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). We assessed the severity of depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Impact of Depression in the Workplace in Europe Audit (IDEA) survey and trial making test (TMT) parts A and B were used to assess the impact of cognitive dysfunction on performing daily tasks/activities in adult patients presented with MDD.Results:A total of 499 persons were included in this study, aged 18–66 years, current workers and managers. Of them, 17.8% were normal (remitted), 22.4% were mildly depressed, 23.4% were moderately depressed, 8.6% were severely depressed, and 27.7% were very severely depressed at the time of the study according to HDRS. Common symptoms attributable to depression were low mode or sadness (89.8%), followed by insomnia (75.2%) and crying (70.9%). Of them, low mode or sadness was the most common factor affecting the work performance (90.2%). About 66.3% of participants diagnosed with depression by a doctor/medical professional. Awareness of the disease was recognizable by patients’ managers in only 31.9% of the cases. Furthermore, 45.3% of cases had taken off work due to depression with mean duration of 38.7 (95% CI 37.7 to 39.7) days. The mean TMT parts A and B score were 69.2 (95% CI 66.3 to 72.2) and 126.6 (95% CI 121 to 132), respectively. Lastly, a significant positive correlation between the mean score for HDRS and TMT-A and B scores was observed.Conclusion:Depression affects work productivity and work environment with negative consequences to countries’ economy. Awareness of depression in the workplace in KSA and UAE is still suboptimal. The personal and societal burden of this issue cannot be neglected when we become aware of the proportion of affected people.
Highlights
The American Psychiatric Association defined the Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act [1]
Data were collected from 499 eligible subjects from 01 May 2016 to 31 December 2016 in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE), Fig. (1)
89 (17.8%) patients were normal, 112 (22.4%) had mild depression, 117 (23.4%) had moderate depression, 43 (8.6%) severe depression, and 138 (27.7%) were severely depressed according to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)
Summary
The American Psychiatric Association defined the Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act [1]. MDD is expected to be the second most common cause of disability by 2020 and is expected to account for 15% of the total disease burden [2]. It has been considered a leading cause of disability affecting an estimated 350 million people worldwide [2]. Major depressive disorder is a common condition with a high rate of recurrence, chronicity, and affecting economic burden, including disability in the workplace, which leads to negative consequences on both individuals and society
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