Abstract
National climate protection goals require the emission reduction in municipal energy supply systems. Those systems include energy conversion units like heatings, energy storages, and grids for electricity, gas, and heat. This paper presents a mixed-integer linear optimization model for the integrated and multi-modal planning of such municipal energy systems to reach a defined CO2 emission limit with the least-cost system design. The exemplary application of the model to a study case with 3900 buildings shows that the flexible hybrid energy system resulting without emission restrictions gradually transforms into an inflexible system solely relying on pellet heaters and photovoltaic units when tightening the emission limit by just a few percentage points.
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