Impact of Climate Variability on Crop Yield in Kalahandi, Bolangir, and Koraput Districts of Odisha, India

Arpita Panda,Limonlisa Sahu,Swadhin Behera,Takahiro Sayama,R.B Singh,Masafumi Yamada,Netrananda Sahu,Ram Avtar

doi:10.3390/cli7110126

Abstract

Most tropical regions in the world are vulnerable to climate variability, given their dependence on rain-fed agricultural production and limited adaptive capacity owing to socio-economic conditions. The Kalahandi, Bolangir, and Koraput districts of the south-western part of Odisha province of India experience an extreme sub-humid tropical climate. Based on the observed changes in the magnitude and distribution of rainfall and temperature, this study evaluates the potential impact of climate variation on agricultural yield and production in these districts. The study is conducted by taking into account meteorological data like rainfall and temperature from 1980 to 2017 and crop productivity data from 1980–81 to 2016–17. Additionally, climate variability indices like Monsoon Index, Oceanic Nino Index, and NINO-3 and NINO 3.4 are used. To analyse the data, various statistical techniques like correlation and multiple linear regression are used. The amount of monsoon rainfall is found to have a significant impact on crop productivity, compared to temperature, in the study area, and as a result the Monsoon Index has a determining impact on crop yield among various indices.

Highlights

IntroductionMainly rainfall and temperature [1,2,3], directly affect cultivation, and any change in them is bound to have a significant impact on crop yield and production
Climate is one of the main factors for agricultural production and yield
Among two studied climatic parameters, rainfall is shown to have a tremendous impact on the yield of both staple crops under consideration

Summary

Introduction

Mainly rainfall and temperature [1,2,3], directly affect cultivation, and any change in them is bound to have a significant impact on crop yield and production. Most of the agricultural crops and, the kharif season crops are sensitive to their growing conditions, especially rainfall and temperature, which come under the key factors influenced by climate variation. Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains during the advent of the south-west monsoon season, and they are harvested at the end of monsoon season (October–November). These crops are dependent on the quantity of rain water as Climate 2019, 7, 126; doi:10.3390/cli7110126 www.mdpi.com/journal/climate

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