Abstract
Climate change has greatly impacted agronomy. Climate forecasts for the coming years predict increases in global temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and extreme weather events. These changes will continue to influence agricultural production by altering abiotic stress on plants, including crops and weeds. Kochia, one of the most common weeds in North America, is a C4 plant exceptional for its drought tolerance. Kochia has also demonstrated rapid adaption and evolution to the abiotic stress of herbicide application, particularly glyphosate. Abiotic stresses from both climate change and herbicides impact the distribution and expansion of kochia. Being aware of the features and properties of kochia, especially those resulting from herbicide resistance, will help anticipate how kochia responds or migrates under future climate change, and help create proper strategies for kochia weed management.
Highlights
Global climate change predictions forecast changes in climate conditions that are quintessential for successful crop production and weed management
Factors considered here include changes in abiotic factors such as temperature, CO2 concentration, and precipitation, as well as kochia-specific traits such as photosynthetic efficiency, herbicide resistance and fitness penalties, genomics and genetic diversity, and previous work looking at population expansion
Increasing competitiveness of kochia due to climate change may mitigate the mild or moderate fitness penalties arising from herbicide resistance pleiotropic phenotypes and allow strongly penalizing mutations to persist in the population for longer
Summary
Global climate change predictions forecast changes in climate conditions that are quintessential for successful crop production and weed management. Climate change predictions include elevated temperature, increase in carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration, and more frequent erratic precipitation events [1]. Disruptions due to climate change can be exploited by pests, potentially expanding their range and ecological niche. This will especially be the case if crop cultivars optimized to the prior climate regime are maladapted to their new growing environment and are left less competitive [5,6,7]. Factors considered here include changes in abiotic factors such as temperature, CO2 concentration, and precipitation, as well as kochia-specific traits such as photosynthetic efficiency, herbicide resistance and fitness penalties, genomics and genetic diversity, and previous work looking at population expansion
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