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Abstract
The effects of climate change are felt most at the household level, when taps and springs run dry for several weeks or months, forcing people to access potable water from doubtful sources. There has been an increase in the population of Bamenda III without a proportionate increase in the water supply capacity. This has resulted in severe water crises, even though Bamenda III municipality has water supplies from the Council, Community, CAMWATER, natural springs and streams, wells and boreholes. Household data on water accessibility against a backdrop of a changing climate was collected using 269 questionnaires to assess perceptions on the state of water resources and climate. Rainfall data were collected from 1963-2019 and results revealed that mean annual rainfall is at 182.52 mm, with a standard deviation of 29.16 and a Coefficient of Variation of 15.69%, while the mean Standardized Precipitation Index is -0.07 (mild dryness), and rainfall has reduced by -2.07 mm from 1963-2019. The population attributed problems of water accessibility to climate change, urbanization and poor water governance. It is recommended that sustainable water management through Nature-based Solutions and Ecosystem-based Adaptation should be implemented from the watershed to the community level.
Highlights
Water accessibility is the proportion of the population with reliable improved drinking water
Climate Variability and Change Climate change is the statistical variations in the properties of the climate system such as changes in temperatures, precipitation, and other climatic elements due to natural or human drivers over a long period
Field data revealed that 54.4% of the population perceived a high magnitude, while 24.9% perceived a low magnitude and 22.7% perceived that the magnitude is moderate
Summary
Water accessibility is the proportion of the population with reliable improved drinking water. Such improved sources include piped water into a residence, public standpipe in a neighbourhood, borehole, protected well, protected spring and rainwater harvesting Climate change affects these water sources in multiple ways, with complex spatio-temporal patterns, feedback and interactions between physical and human processes (Bates et al, 2008). These effects are already adding challenges to sustainable water resources management, which are already under severe pressure in many regions of the world and subject to high climate variability and extreme weather events (Stewart et al, 2020). It is paramount that water resources managers consider the potential impacts of a changing climate when planning for water resources development
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