Abstract
To guarantee food safety, a better deciphering of ecology and adaptation strategies of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella in food environments is crucial. The role of food processing conditions such as cleaning and disinfection procedures on antimicrobial resistance emergence should especially be investigated. In this work, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and the microbial ecology of associated surfaces communities were investigated in a pig slaughterhouse before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures. Salmonella were detected in 67% of samples and isolates characterization revealed the presence of 15 PFGE-patterns belonging to five serotypes: S.4,5,12:i:-, Rissen, Typhimurium, Infantis and Derby. Resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and/or chloramphenicol was detected depending on serotypes. 16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity analyses showed that Salmonella surface associated communities were highly dominated by the Moraxellaceae family with a clear site-specific composition suggesting a persistent colonization of the pig slaughterhouse. Cleaning and disinfection procedures did not lead to a modification of Salmonella susceptibility to antimicrobials in this short-term study but they tended to significantly reduce bacterial diversity and favored some genera such as Rothia and Psychrobacter. Such data participate to the construction of a comprehensive view of Salmonella ecology and antimicrobial resistance emergence in food environments in relation with cleaning and disinfection procedures.
Highlights
Salmonellosis remains one of the main foodborne zoonosis in Europe with 94.530 cases in 20161
Samples were collected from the 6 following areas: 2 were located from the “dirty” zone at the dehairing machine (DH) and whips from the scraping machine (WH), and 4 were taken from the “clean” zone on the neck clipper machine (NC), carcass opener circular saw (CO), white offals gutter (WOG) and platform used for red offal removing (ROP)
There was no significant difference between numbers of positive samples before and after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures
Summary
Salmonellosis remains one of the main foodborne zoonosis in Europe with 94.530 cases in 20161. The need to multiply environmental studies focusing on the characterization of cross-resistance to antibiotics in pathogens following use of biocides and including considerations about complex microbial ecology associated was highlighted[14]. In this context, this project aimed at collecting data about Salmonella prevalence and anti-microbial resistance (AMR) levels in a pig slaughterhouse, gaining an overview of associated bacterial community diversity and to examine how C&D steps impact microbial communities and potentially select isolates with reduced susceptibility to biocides and/or antibiotics
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