Abstract
Chromatin influences Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) integration and replication. This review highlights critical host factors that influence chromatin structure and organization and that also impact HIV integration, transcriptional regulation and latency. Furthermore, recent attempts to target chromatin associated factors to reduce the HIV proviral load are discussed.
Highlights
Retroviruses such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are defined by their ability to integrate their reverse transcribed genome into the host DNA prior to proviral transcription by the cellular machinery
The role of chromatin in early HIV infection and replication has been extensively studied, revealing that chromatin influences HIV integration as well as the establishment and maintenance of a transcriptionally repressed but inducible reservoir of cells infected with HIV
This review will examine the effects of chromatin on the HIV life cycle and discuss the potential of emerging treatments that target chromatin-modifying factors
Summary
Retroviruses such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are defined by their ability to integrate their reverse transcribed genome into the host DNA prior to proviral transcription by the cellular machinery. The role of chromatin in early HIV infection and replication has been extensively studied, revealing that chromatin influences HIV integration as well as the establishment and maintenance of a transcriptionally repressed but inducible reservoir of cells infected with HIV. These latently infected cells present a barrier to curing HIV infection since they are a persistent source of virus following the interruption of antiretroviral treatments. This review will examine the effects of chromatin on the HIV life cycle and discuss the potential of emerging treatments that target chromatin-modifying factors
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