Abstract
Growing Oscillatoria sp. in freshwater causes several poisoning episodes of domestic livestock animal and human. The chemical coagulation of raw water using chemical coagulants is very simple and requiring less investment cost on equipment. These experiments used alum and PACl (Polyaluminium chloride) with alum as chemical coagulants for Oscillatoria sp. removal. The Oscillatoria sp. was prepared from Molecular and Cell Laboratory of Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research and grown in BG-11 medium. The samples of treated water use chemical coagulation test to verify their efficiency of Oscillatoria sp. cells removal from the synthetic raw water. The results show that the chemical coagulation using alum coagulant and PACl with alum coagulants produces a high efficiency in Oscillatoria sp. removal. However, the PACl with alum coagulants provided the best Oscillatoria sp. removal efficiency and the low amount of chemical coagulants for Oscillatoria sp. removal process. The PACl with alum doses at 1:10 by weight, provides the best Oscillatoria sp. removal efficiency at 97%. While, the best Oscillatoria sp. removal efficiency of alum dose at 90 mg/L, is 98%. It can be concluded that the PACl with alum doses as the combined chemical coagulant provided the highest efficiency at the lowest amount of chemical coagulants used.
Highlights
Algae are aquatic plants and photosynthetic that utilize inorganic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen
The quantification in the synthetic raw water samples shows that the amount of Oscillatoria sp. was 5,000 10,000 and 15,000 cells/mL before the chemical coagulation process
The chemical coagulation is a product of choice to remove the Oscillatoria sp. in the synthetic raw water
Summary
Algae are aquatic plants and photosynthetic that utilize inorganic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Cyanobacteria, known as blue-green algae, are a morphologically diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that occupies a wide range of niches, from freshwater to hydrothermal vents. Their most common toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater or surface waters are Oscillatoria sp., Microcystis sp., Anabaena sp., Lyngbya sp., Aphnizomenon sp., Schizothrix sp. About 75% of all cyanobacteria sample contain toxin, it is the huge conglomerations of cells that present a great concern of large blooms development in summer (Chorus et al, 2000). The toxin production of cyanobacteria creates a risk on human and animal health. Several poisoning episodes of domestic animals and livestock have been associated with the occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms in surface waters used for drinking (Stewart et al, 2008)
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