Abstract
PurposeAnimal studies have shown that endothelial denudation abolishes vasodilation in response to increased shear stress. Interestingly, shear-mediated dilation has been reported to be reduced, but not abolished, in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients following catheterization. However, it is not known whether this resulted from a priori endothelial dysfunction in this diseased population. In this study, we evaluated shear-mediated dilation following catheterization in healthy young men.MethodsTwenty-six (age: 24.4 ± 3.8 years, BMI: 24.3 ± 2.8 kg m−2, VO2peak: 50.5 ± 8.8 ml/kg/min) healthy males underwent unilateral transradial catheterization. Shear-mediated dilation of both radial arteries was measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) pre-, and 7 days post-catheterization.ResultsFMD was reduced in the catheterized arm [9.3 ± 4.1% to 4.3 ± 4.1% (P < 0.001)] post-catheterization, whereas no change was observed in the control arm [8.4 ± 3.8% to 7.3 ± 3.8% (P = 0.168)]. FMD was completely abolished in the catheterized arm in five participants. Baseline diameter (P = 0.001) and peak diameter during FMD (P = 0.035) were increased in the catheterized arm 7 days post-catheterization (baseline: 2.3 ± 0.3 to 2.6 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.001, peak: 2.5 ± 0.3 to 2.7 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.001), with no change in the control arm (baseline: 2.3 ± 0.3 to 2.3 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.288, peak: 2.5 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.608).ConclusionThis is the first study in young healthy individuals with intact a priori endothelial function to provide evidence of impaired shear-mediated dilation following catheterization. When combined with earlier studies in CAD patients, our data suggest the catheterization impairs artery function in humans.
Highlights
The endothelium plays a fundamental role in the regulation of vascular tone (Sandoo et al 2010; Green et al 2017)
Previous studies performed in animals have demonstrated that, following endothelial denudation, arteries no longer respond to increased blood flow (Pohl et al 1986) or exercise (Berdeaux et al 1994), reflecting the critical role of endothelial cells in the regulation of vascular tone in vivo
Dawson et al (2010a, b) showed depressed, but not abolished, radial artery shear-mediated dilation following transradial catheterization in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (Dawson et al 2010a). This finding combined with studies showing that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was not completely abolished by endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition (Stoner et al 2012; Pyke et al 2010; Green et al 2014, 2011; Wray et al 2013), or nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGs) double blockade (Thijssen et al 2011; Schrage et al 2004), raises the question of whether other
Summary
The endothelium plays a fundamental role in the regulation of vascular tone (Sandoo et al 2010; Green et al 2017). Previous studies performed in animals have demonstrated that, following endothelial denudation, arteries no longer respond to increased blood flow (Pohl et al 1986) or exercise (Berdeaux et al 1994), reflecting the critical role of endothelial cells in the regulation of vascular tone in vivo. Dawson et al (2010a, b) showed depressed, but not abolished, radial artery shear-mediated dilation following transradial catheterization in CAD patients (Dawson et al 2010a) This finding combined with studies showing that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was not completely abolished by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibition (Stoner et al 2012; Pyke et al 2010; Green et al 2014, 2011; Wray et al 2013), or nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGs) double blockade (Thijssen et al 2011; Schrage et al 2004), raises the question of whether other. We hypothesized that catheterization would impair endotheliummediated arterial dilation in response to a shear stress stimulus in these healthy men
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