Impact of Cancer, Inflammation, and No Standard Risk Factors in Patients With Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

BackgroundThe lack of standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs), including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking, is reportedly associated with poor outcomes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Among patients with no SMuRFs, cancer and chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (CSIDs) may be major etiologies of AMI. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer, CSIDs, and no SMuRFs in AMI. MethodsThis multicenter registry included 2,480 patients with AMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were divided into 4 groups: active cancer, CSIDs, no SMuRFs, and those remaining. The coprimary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding events, during hospitalization and after discharge. ResultsOf 2,480 patients, 104 (4.2%), 94 (3.8%), and 120 (4.8%) were grouped as cancer, CSIDs, and no SMuRFs, respectively. During the hospitalization, MACE rates were highest in the no SMuRFs group, followed by the cancer, CSIDs, and SMuRFs groups (22.5% vs 15.4% vs 12.8% vs 10.2%; P < 0.001), whereas bleeding risks were highest in the cancer group, followed by the no SMuRFs, CSIDs, and SMuRFs groups (15.4% vs 10.8% vs 7.5% vs 4.9%; P < 0.001). After discharge, the rates of MACE (33.3% vs 22.7% vs 11.3% vs 9.2%; P < 0.001) and bleeding events (8.6% vs 6.7% vs 3.8% vs 2.9%; P = 0.01) were higher in the cancer group than in the CSIDs, no SMuRFs, and SMuRFs groups. ConclusionsPatients with active cancer, CSIDs, and no SMuRFs differently had worse outcomes after AMI in ischemic and bleeding endpoints during hospitalization and/or after discharge, compared with those with SMuRFs.