Abstract
The purpose of this prospective controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of three commercially available glucose products, (1) buccal glucose spray, (2) liquid sugars, and (3) dextrose tablet, on the evolution of plasma glucose concentration (PG). Sixteen healthy volunteers aged 21.8 +/- 0.78 y (mean +/- SE), BMI 23.5 +/- 0.84 kg/m(2), tested their PG over the course of 3 sets of 4 sessions (S) each: S(0)-control fasting, S(1)-buccal administration of 10 glucose spray-doses (0.84 g of glucose) without swallowing; S(2-) consumption of 1 sachet (13 ml) of liquid sugar (ca. 5.2 g glucose, 5.2 g fructose, 5.2 g sucrose); S(3-) consumption of one dextrose tablet (6 g). PG was tested in finger-prick capillary blood using a personal glucometer Linus at the start, and at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min. The means of 3 respective sessions for each of the 16 subjects were analyzed. The Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed no significant differences between changes in the mean PG at the start vs. 5-minute interval either in control, or any intervention sessions. Analysis of regression coefficients after 30 min compared to the control session, demonstrated an increase in PG with the sachet of liquid sugars (0.068 mmol/l/min, p = 0.001) which was greater than a single dextrose tablet (0.052 mmol/l/min, p = 0.002), but no significant PG increase was found after buccal glucose spray. Liquid sugars or dextrose tablets, but not the buccal glucose spray, are effective means to increase PG within 10 minutes after ingestion.
Highlights
The oral mucosa is an attractive site for drug delivery in light of its high vascularity and its capacity for non-invasive drug administration
Reports were made on its immediate effects on hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopenia[3, 4], clear references to the effects of this buccal glucose rapid spray on plasma glucose concentration (PG) are unavailable
After examining the whole 30-minute time period, analysis of regression coefficients for the change in PG evolution in individual sessions demonstrated the highest increase after consumption of the liquid sugar (0.068 mmol/l/min, p = 0.001)
Summary
The oral mucosa is an attractive site for drug delivery in light of its high vascularity and its capacity for non-invasive drug administration. This drug delivery method bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, protects drugs and potentially other compounds such as glucose from degradation due to pH, digestive enzymes in the gut, and/ or from first-pass hepatic metabolism. Reports were made on its immediate effects on hypoglycaemia and neuroglycopenia[3, 4], clear references to the effects of this buccal glucose rapid spray on plasma glucose concentration (PG) are unavailable. The purpose of this prospective controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of three commercially available glucose products (1) buccal glucose spray, (2) liquid sugars, and (3) dextrose tablet on the evolution of PG
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