Abstract
AimThe objective of this research was to determine the static postural control differences measured from a force platform in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy control groups with different levels of body mass index (BMI), and detect the static postural control difference between T2DM and healthy control groups stratified by different BMI category. This research also explored the relationship of BMI and static postural performance.MethodsWe recruited 706 participants with T2DM and 692 healthy controls who were sufficiently matched for age, gender, and BMI in this cross-sectional study. The participants were stratified into three groups by BMI: normal weight, overweight, and obesity. All participants performed two-legged static stance postural control assessment on a firm force platform. The Center of Pressure (CoP) parameters were collected under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the static postural control parameters within each BMI category in both groups. The static postural control parameters among different weight groups were compared by Kruskal–Wallis test, post hoc pair-wise comparison were conducted. Generalized linear model was conducted to examine the association between BMI and static postural control parameters while controlling for confounding factors.ResultsHealthy control group had statistical difference in most CoP parameters compared to T2DM group based on all BMI categories. Normal weight participants presented significant difference compared with overweight and/or obesity for total track length (TTL) and velocity of CoP displacements in Y direction (V-Y) under eyes-open condition, and for most CoP parameters under eyes-closed condition in both groups. There were statistically significant correlations between BMI and most static postural control parameters under only eyes-closed condition according to the result of generalized linear model.ConclusionT2DM patients had impaired static postural control performance compared to healthy controls at all BMI categories. The findings also indicated the association between BMI and static postural control, where higher BMI individuals showed more static postural instability in both T2DM and healthy controls.
Highlights
The objective of this research was to determine the static postural control differences measured from a force platform in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and healthy control groups with different levels of body mass index (BMI), and detect the static postural control difference between T2DM and healthy control groups stratified by different BMI categories
There were no significant difference in age, gender, height, weight, BMI, BMI category, and current smoking status between the T2DM and the HC groups
The present study revealed that the T2DM participants had greater impairment of static postural control compared with the healthy controls in all BMI categories
Summary
Postural balance is an important foundation of standing, walking, and activities of life. Maintaining static upright stance involves somatosensory inputs, central nervous system integration, and automatic postural response outputs [1]. Falls in the elderly are the main causes of fatal injury, and the most common reason of non-fatal injury related to hospitalization [2]. The report from the Nation Council on Aging showed that more than 25% elderly aged over 65 fall each year, and an average of 1 elderly death caused directly or indirectly by the falls every 19 min [2]. A systematic review found the hospitalization costs for fall-related injury in Chinese elderly were $1,768 [3]. The falls of the elderly bring serious negative influence in aspects of economy, function, and psychology for the elderly. Postural control impairments were considered as a primary risk factor for falling [4]
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