Abstract
BackgroundObesity and overweight are related to changes in blood pressure, but existing research has mainly focused on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on short-term blood pressure variability (BPV). The study aimed to examine the impact of BMI on long-term BPV.MethodsParticipants in the Kailuan study who attended all five annual physical examinations in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014 were selected as observation subjects. In total, 32,482 cases were included in the statistical analysis. According to the definition of obesity in China, BMI was divided into four groups: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight (24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2). We used average real variability to evaluate long-term systolic BPV. The average real variability of systolic blood pressure (ARVSBP) was calculated as (|sbp2 − sbp1| + |sbp3 − sbp2 | + |sbp4 − sbp3| + |sbp5 − sbp4|)/4. Differences in ARVSBP by BMI group were analyzed using analysis of variance. Stepwise multivariate linear regression and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of BMI on ARVSBP.ResultsParticipants’ average age was 46.6 ± 11.3 years, 24,502 were men, and 7980 were women. As BMI increases, the mean value of ARVSBP gradually increases. After adjusting for other confounding factors, stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that ARVSBP increased by 0.077 for every one-unit increase in BMI. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that being obese or overweight, compared with being normal-weight, were risk factors for an increase in ARVSBP. The corresponding odds ratios of being obese or overweight were 1.23 (1.15–1.37) and 1.10 (1.04–1.15), respectively.ConclusionsThere was a positive correlation between BMI and ARVSBP, with ARVSBP increasing with a rise in BMI. BMI is a risk factor for an increase in ARVSBP.Trial registrationRegistration No.: CHiCTR-TNC1100 1489; Registration Date: June 01, 2006.
Highlights
Obesity and overweight are related to changes in blood pressure, but existing research has mainly focused on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on short-term blood pressure variability (BPV)
Stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the impact of BMI on average real variability of systolic blood pressure (ARVSBP), and logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of an increase in ARVSBP associated with BMI
An increase in BMI was associated with higher values for age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) at all five physical examinations, heart rate (HR), Total cholesterol (TC), and salt intake, and being male, drinking alcohol, engaging in physical exercise, smoking, having diabetes mellitus (DM), having hypertension, and taking antihypertensive drugs (P < 0.05)
Summary
Obesity and overweight are related to changes in blood pressure, but existing research has mainly focused on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on short-term blood pressure variability (BPV). In 2010, research on the global burden of disease showed that obesity or overweight were responsible for 3.9% of the years of life lost and. Body mass index (BMI) is an indicator used to systematically measure obesity and overweight status. BMI has been broadly applied in research relating to obesity and overweight because of its convenience of use. Hypertension and risk of CVEs are, respectively, 4.17 and 1.46 times higher among those who are obese, compared with those of normal weight [3, 6]
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