Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous plasticizing agent used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. There is well-documented and broad human exposure to BPA. The potential risk that BPA poses to the human health has attracted much attention from regulatory agencies and the general public, and has been extensively studied. An emerging and rapidly growing area in the study of BPA’s toxicity is its impact on the cardiovascular (CV) system. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that higher urinary BPA concentration in humans is associated with various types of CV diseases, including angina, hypertension, heart attack and coronary and peripheral arterial disease. Experimental studies have demonstrated that acute BPA exposure promotes the development of arrhythmias in female rodent hearts. Chronic exposure to BPA has been shown to result in cardiac remodeling, atherosclerosis, and altered blood pressure in rodents. The underlying mechanisms may involve alteration of cardiac Ca2+ handling, ion channel inhibition/activation, oxidative stress, and genome/transcriptome modifications. In this review, we discuss these recent findings that point to the potential CV toxicity of BPA, and highlight the knowledge gaps in this growing research area.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA, CAS# 80-05-7), was first synthesized by Russian chemist Aleksandr Dianin in1891 [1]
Recent evidence has identified the CV system as a potential target of BPA. These findings suggest that BPA exposure may be a risk factor for a range of CV abnormalities such as vascular diseases and cardiac arrhythmias, and highlight the need for further assessment of the impact of BPA and other environmental endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) on the CV system
It should be noted that a study by LaKind et al pointed out that National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data may not be sufficient to draw the conclusion that BPA exposure was associated with CV diseases [34]. They noticed inconsistencies in previous NHANES studies in terms of methods and definitions, and applied consistent a priori chosen methods in their analysis of four NHANES data sets. Their results showed that urinary BPA was not associated with heart attack, coronary artery disease or diabetes in NHANES participants
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA, CAS# 80-05-7), was first synthesized by Russian chemist Aleksandr Dianin in. Mean/median urinary BPA concentrations in the low μg/L (or low nM) range have been reported in various human exposure assessments [8,9,10,11,12]. Extensive studies have suggested potential links between BPA exposure and diseases including cancer, obesity, diabetes and disorders of the reproductive, neuroendocrine and immune systems [25,26]. Recent evidence has identified the CV system as a potential target of BPA. These findings suggest that BPA exposure may be a risk factor for a range of CV abnormalities such as vascular diseases and cardiac arrhythmias, and highlight the need for further assessment of the impact of BPA and other environmental EDCs on the CV system. We provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge on BPA’s CV impact, with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms
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