IMPACT OF BISPHENOL A IN POWDER FORM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORYNEBACTERIUM GLUTAMICUM AND MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastic and its derivatives. The daily and widespread use of BPA-containing products has led to its wide distribution as a contaminant and xenobiotic in water, soil, and the atmosphere. Its impact is associated with disruptions in the endocrine, nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. Currently, methods for effective removal of BPA from the environment are actively being researched, including through enzymatic activity of microorganisms. Literature provides numerous data on the effects of dissolved xenobiotics on microbial viability, but there is a lack of information on the effects of solid powdered BPA. This study investigated the impact of granular BPA at concentrations significantly exceeding those found in soils on the growth and lignin peroxidase activity of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Micrococcus luteus. It has been established that the pollutant in powdered form is capable of inhibiting the growth of both studied prokaryotic species within just 24 hours of cultivation. The diameter of the lysis zones ranged between 0.4-0.7 cm for M. luteus and 0.5-0.9 cm for C. glutamicum, depending on the dose of the pollutant applied. For C. glutamicum, a prolonged destructive impact of the compound was noted, evidenced by an increase in lysis diameter up to 168 hours into the experiment. In contrast, no definitive pattern was observed for M. luteus – maximum growth inhibition was observed at 48 hours, with no significant differences noted thereafter. It has been observed that the introduction of powdered BPA in all studied concentrations, particularly at 7.5 mg/mL in liquid nutrient media, promotes the growth of microorganisms and increases the content of total protein and the activity of lignin peroxidase. These results are likely explained by the action of bisphenol A on microorganisms as a stress factor. Under these conditions, it is probable that protective mechanisms of bacteria, including those that aid in the utilization of bisphenol A, begin to be synthesized and activated.. Keywords: bisphenol A (BPA), BPA exposure, chemical pollutants, microbial development, bioremediation.