Impact of Beef and Milk Sourced from Cattle Production on Global Food Security

Grace Opadoyin Tona

doi:10.5772/intechopen.99322

Abstract

Bovine meat and milk play a major role in the diet of humans and they have positive impact on global food security. The aim of this review work was to investigate the impact of bovine sources of meat and milk on food security in the low, medium and high income countries. Bovine source meat and milk could have impact on the nutritional, health, work, income, educational and recreational needs of humans. However, the feeding needs of bovine are mainly met with forage materials which do not compete with human foods. The beef and dairy cattle are raised mainly under the extensive system of production in the low and medium income countries, while the intensive system of production is that which is adopted majorly in the high income developed nations. The production of healthy beef and milk products may be observed to go a long way in preventing disease occurrence in both the cattle and the human consumers. The raising of fewer numbers of more genetically productive breeds of cattle under the intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems of production could also have positive impact on global food security, sustainability and the mitigation of green house gas (GHG) emissions.

Highlights

Bovine protein sources were described [1] to have high density of macro and micro nutrients per 100 g. They were reported to contain essential nutrients difficult or impossible to find in other foods, they have micronutrients in biological forms that enhance their uptake into the body system
Change from the adoption of the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) program to hurdle technology in food processing plants: The use of HACCP programs were designed for use in food processing plants [24], and it was not very much accepted for use on dairy farms as it involved the review of existing management processes, the establishment of limits through the identification of critical control points, the use of routine surveillance procedures, effective record keeping, documentation of standard processes and other non-competencies in its use
Beef and milk sourced from cattle production was found to play a relevant role in global food security

Summary

Introduction

Beef and milk sourced from cattle are important sources of protein in the human diet. It is well known that enough food is produced globally to meet the nutritional need of the entire human population, this food supply is not within the reach of people in all continents of the world This is found to be true especially as it concerns the poor populace in the rural areas in developing countries due to some socio-economic barriers, harsh climatic and environmental conditions [12] and these lead to various challenges in the global food security. There is the need to outline few of the various steps or projects conducted to investigate some of the bovine livestock production systems adopted worldwide to enhance food security

Food security impact of dairy cows and heifers: a field experiment in the Zambia

The economic and social impact of livestock production systems in the lower and higher income countries

The role of beef cattle production systems in food security

Beef production under an intensive system (Argentinean perspective)

Practical solutions to human health threats

Management practices that could be adopted in the dairy industries i

Ensuring the production of beef and milk products that are free of antibiotic residues

Development of policies that enhance the benefits of economic growth

Findings

Conclusion