Impact of Atopic Status on Clinical Presentation and Treatment Response in Pediatric Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Abstract

BackgroundNearly 80% of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis have co-existing atopic disease, yet a subset do not. It is unclear if this lack of atopy impacts presentation or response to therapy. ObjectivesTo characterize the presentation and response to therapy in atopic versus non-atopic pediatric patients with EoE MethodsA case-control study of EoE patients, ages 6 months to 18 years (between 2018-2021) was performed. Patients were eligible if they had allergy testing, assessment of atopic history, and at least one endoscopy following initiation of treatment. Patients were considered non-atopic if they had negative allergy testing and no history of significant atopy. Response to therapy was classified as complete (peak eos < 15/hpf), partial (≥ 15 eos/hpf but at least a 50% reduction in peak eos), or non-response. Results168 participants were enrolled. The majority were white (n=141, 84%), male (n=124, 74%), and non-Hispanic (n=158, 95%). Mean age at diagnosis was 9.4 years (SD: ± 4.8). 123 participants (73.2%) were atopic and 45 (26.8%) were non-atopic. There was no significant difference between atopic and non-atopic for most demographics or presenting symptoms. Non-atopic participants presented younger than atopic participants (8.14 vs. 9.8 years, p=0.046). Swallowed topical corticosteroids (STC) and food elimination diets (FED) were utilized at a similar rate. There were no differences in treatment response between atopic/non-atopic participants in regards to STC, FED, or STC+FED. ConclusionAtopic status does not significantly impact presentation or response to treatment in pediatric EoE, but a lack of atopy may be a risk for earlier onset of disease.