Abstract
The landscape is an essential resource for attracting tourists to a destination, but this resource has long been overused by tourism development. Tourists and scholars have begun noticing the interference of human structures in the natural environment and how this can change the meaning of a landscape. In this study, the impact of artificial elements on mountain landscapes was investigated by measuring the characteristics of visual perception and a landscape value assessment using eye-tracking analysis. Furthermore, this study includes socio-demographic features for testing whether they have an impact on landscape perception. The results show that human structures impact both visual perception and the perceived value of landscapes. Hotels and temples attract more visual attention than a purely natural landscape. Modern hotels appear to have a negative influence on mountain landscape valuation, while temples with unique culture have positive impacts. Socio-demographic groups differ significantly in how they observe landscape images and, to a degree, how they value the landscape therein. Our study should be of value to landscape planning and tourism policy making.
Highlights
A landscape can be defined as a space viewed or appreciated by a person or the scenery of one’s daily life
Visual attention concentrated on the center of the image and scattered around the center
The visual difference between the natural landscape and the landscapes with an artificial element is clearly presented in heat maps
Summary
A landscape can be defined as a space viewed or appreciated by a person or the scenery of one’s daily life. Continued research on landscapes has altered the way people think about it; a more current conception of the landscape is an environment produced by ongoing interaction between human and the surroundings around them [2,3,4]. A landscape can be recognized by its two features: the landscape is formed by the interaction between human beings and the environment around them, and it is perceived or evaluated by people for its meaning within a place. The unique emotional or physical experience the landscape attracts tourists [5,6]. These important tourism resources are being consumed excessively in modern society, resulting in problems such as unsustainable utilization and environmental visual pollution
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