Impact of apple processing modes on extracted juice quality: Pressing assisted by pulsed electric fields

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) on apple juice characteristics (turbidity, polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities). The pressing was used as a standard method for juice extraction. Experiments were carried out at a constant pressure ( P = 3 bar) using a laboratory press cell. Two different methods for PEF application at 400 V/cm were investigated (PEF treatment of whole samples before cutting and PEF treatment of apple slices after cutting). PEF treatment resulted in increase of the juice yield from 44 g/100 g apple (untreated samples) to 58 g/100 g apple (treatment of whole apples) and 64 g/100 g apple (treatment of slices) after 30 min of pressing. The analysis of pH and conductivity showed no significant difference between untreated and PEF-treated samples. However, the total soluble matter content of juice increased after PEF treatment. The obtained turbidity and transmittance data evidence a noticeable improvement of juice clarity for PEF-treated samples. The PEF pre-treatment was accompanied by an increase of the content of polyphenols and intensification of the antioxidant capacities of juice. Most of these effects (juice clarity and content of antioxidants) were more pronounced for the whole treated apples as compared to untreated apples and PEF-treated apple slices. The evolution of apple browning before and after PEF treatment was more pronounced for whole samples. PEF treatment accelerates browning. The obtained data can contribute to the determination of an optimum time for PEF application. The results evidence that PEF-enhanced expression is promising for production of higher quality juices. PEF treatment of whole apples reduces the energy consumption and is advantageous for industrial applications as compared to the treatment of apple slices. PEF combined with pressing can become a good alternative to traditional process.