Impact of anticholinergic load of medications on the length of stay of cancer patients in hospice care.

Abstract

An important goal of hospice care is to relieve pain and suffering of terminal cancer patients. Anticholinergic medications are effective in the symptom palliation among terminal cancer patients. However, use of these medications has been associated with increased risk of side effects, which might lead to premature mortality. Short lengths of stay in hospice care leave patients with a higher level of unmet needs. The study was conducted to examine the effect of increasing anticholinergic load on the length of stay of cancer patients in hospice care in the USA. The National Home and Hospice Care Survey 2007 was used as the data source. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the risk of death among users of moderate and high anticholinergic load compared with users of low anticholinergic load in presence of other prognostic factors. Cancer patients on a moderate anticholinergic load had a 12.7% lower hazard of death (P = 0.0244), while those on a high anticholinergic load had a 15.6% lower hazard of death (P = 0.0071) as compared with those patients on a low anticholinergic load. Among other prognostic factors, non-elderly age group, male gender, white race, metropolitan hospice agency, non-profit hospice agency, severe activities of daily living dependency and cognitive impairment were significantly associated with a higher probability of death. These results provide no evidence for increasing anticholinergic load increasing mortality in cancer patients using hospice care. Thus, high anticholinergic load might have conferred a protective effect on the patients because of better symptom control.