Impact Of Anemia On Feto-Maternal Outcomes In One Of The Tertiary Care Hospitals In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abstract

Objective: This descriptive case series aimed to determine the frequency of feto-maternal outcomes in pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia at the Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan. The study was conducted between December 2020 and May 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Methods: A total of 125 pregnant women diagnosed with anaemia were included in the study. Participants were followed up until delivery, and fetomaternal outcomes, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, prolonged labour, low Apgar score, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and early neonatal death, were recorded based on predefined operational definitions. Results: The study participants ranged from 18 to 40 years, with a mean age of 27.784±3.13 years. The mean gestational age was 30.112±2.89 weeks. Among the participants, gestational hypertension was observed in 47.2% of patients, preeclampsia in 60.8%, postpartum haemorrhage in 33.6%, prolonged labour in 40%, low Apgar score in 50.4%, low birth weight in 30.4%, preterm delivery in 28.8%, and early neonatal death in 8%. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that maternal anaemia, specifically iron deficiency anaemia, increases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is crucial to closely monitor and promptly treat pregnant women with iron anaemia to reduce the risk of feto-maternal complications. Keywords: Pregnancy, Iron deficiency anemia, Feto-maternal outcomes.