Impact of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Cowpea mottle virus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; on the Growth and Yield of Bambara Groundnut (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Vigna subterranean&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (L.) Verdc.)

Elisabeth Zongo,Bouma James Néya,Oumar Traoré,Nicolas Barro,Jean Zabré,Valentin Stanislas Edgar Traoré,Essowé Palanga

doi:10.4236/ajps.2018.910149

Abstract

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc] is a food legume with high potential for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, in addition to being a neglected crop, its production is limited by several constraints among which viral diseases are most cited. In order to contribute to the improvement of Bambara groundnut in Burkina Faso, local accessions of the crop were screened for resistance to Cowpea mottle virus (CPMoV), one of the most damaging viruses in grain legumes. Seven local accessions (C1 to C7) from two agro-ecological zones were evaluated by mechanical inoculation in field conditions in 2016 and 2017. The infected plants exhibited various symptoms of chlorosis, leaf deformation, growth retardation and plant stunting. CPMoV caused a significant reduction in the number of flowers and pods. As a result, grain yield was reduced by 49.5% to 83.9% depending on the accessions. The impact of the virus in yield loss was lowest in accessions C6 and C7 which indicated their possible used in the management of Cowpea mottle virus disease in bambara groundnut.

Highlights

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] is one of most important grain legumes for rural communities in Burkina Faso
In order to contribute to the improvement of Bambara groundnut in Burkina Faso, local accessions of the crop were screened for resistance to Cowpea mottle virus (CPMoV), one of the most damaging viruses in grain legumes
The impact of the virus in yield loss was lowest in accessions C6 and C7 which indicated their possible used in the management of Cowpea mottle virus disease in bambara groundnut

Summary

Introduction

Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] is one of most important grain legumes for rural communities in Burkina Faso. It contributes to soil fertilization through the symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen [1] [2] [3]. Burkina Faso is one of the main producers and exporters of bambara groundnut in West Africa. It supplies markets in countries such as Benin, Ghana, Nigeria and Togo [4]

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Conclusion