Impact of American Academy of Pediatrics Palivizumab Guidance for Children ≥29 and

Abstract

To evaluate the impact of the American Academy of Pediatrics revised recommendations (2014) for palivizumab prophylaxis on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) admissions and severity of illness among children ≥29weeks and <35weeks of gestational age. We evaluated patients hospitalized with RSV infection from October 1, 2012, through April 30, 2017. RSV hospitalizations, community RSV activity, duration of hospitalization, disease severity, and mortality were reviewed. Data were compared before and after implementation of the guideline changes. A total of 91 patients were born at ≥29weeks and <35weeks of gestational age and hospitalized within the first year of life during the evaluation period. Gestational age, birth weight, age at diagnosis, and sex remained constant over the seasons evaluated. RSV hospitalizations and activity in the community were unchanged over 5years. Duration of hospitalization increased. There was no difference in need for intensive care, supplemental oxygen, or mechanical ventilation or mortality. Implementation of the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines regarding eligibility for palivizumab prophylaxis in older infants born preterm did not increase RSV hospitalizations or disease severity among children hospitalized for RSV at our hospital. Our data support continued adherence to the guidelines.