Impact of Allergic Rhinitis on Bronchi: An 8-year Follow-up Study

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is considered a strong risk factor for the onset of asthma. However, few studies addressed this issue from a functional point of view. The aim of this study was to follow up a group of patients with allergic rhinitis to investigate the onset of possible spirometric abnormalities and/or bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). Eighty-nine patients with moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis were prospectively and consecutively evaluated; 940 controls were also included in the study. Clinical examination, skin-prick test, spirometry, and methacholine challenge were performed in all patients every 2 years for 8 years. The number of patients with forced expiratory flow at 25 and 75% of pulmonary volume of <70% of predicted significantly increased during the observation time. At baseline, no subjects had BHR; whereas 34 patients had BHR after 8 years. Sensitization to mites, birch, and Parietaria as well as rhinitis duration are risk factors for these changes. This study highlights the close link between upper and lower airways and suggests that spirometry should be performed in patients with allergic rhinitis.