Impact of age on long-term relative survival benefit of radiotherapy for early-stage grade I–II follicular lymphoma from the SEER database (2000–2015)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on long-term mortality and net survival benefit of radiotherapy (RT) for early-stage grade I–II FL. Five thousand three hundred and five patients with early-stage grade I–II FL in the SEER database (2000–2015) were identified. Primary therapy included RT alone (RT, 20.7%), chemotherapy alone (CT, 27.6%), combined modality therapy (CMT, 5.9%), and observation (45.8%). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was conducted to balance the treatment arms. Relative survival (RS), the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and transformed Cox regression were used to compare survival differences between treatments. RT with or without CT had significantly higher 10-year OS (approximately 78%) and RS (>95%), but lower SMR (1.47–1.76), compared with CT (67.8%; 86.3%; 2.35; ps < .001), observation (70.2%; 91.2%; 1.82; ps < .05). RT was an independent predictor of better OS and RS in multivariate analyses (p < .001). No significant interaction between age and RT was identified for RS (P interaction = .509) or OS (P interaction = .769), indicating similar survival benefits across all-ages patients. RT was associated with long-term OS and net survival benefits in patients with early-stage grade I–II FL, irrespective of age. Highlights The pattern and incidence of mortality varied by age-group as elderly patients often die of other diseases other than FL beyond 5 years. Radiotherapy was associated with higher long-term OS/RS and better SMR compared with other approaches, regardless of age.