Impact of Aftertreatment Device and Driving Conditions on Black Carbon, Ultrafine Particle and NOx Emissions for Euro 5 Diesel and Gasoline Vehicles

Abstract

Ultrafine particle, black carbon and NOx emissions from Diesel and gasoline passenger cars have been investigated in this work, as well as influences of aftertreatment device and driving conditions (the cold start, urban, rural and motorway conditions…) on emissions. Experiments have been carried out on chassis dynamometer bench with Artemis urban, road and motorway driving cycles and NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). Exhaust from Euro 5 Diesel vehicles equipped with additive and catalysed particle filter and Euro 5 gasoline vehicle with direct injection system has been taken directly from the tailpipe and diluted by Constant Volume Sampler (CVS). Tested gasoline DI vehicle emits 25% more CO2 than Diesel vehicles for all Artemis and NEDC driving conditions. It emits 2 to 200 times more PN and BC and 5 to 150 times less NOx than Diesel vehicles. Additive DPF vehicles emit 2 times more NO2 for urban conditions (175mg/km), comparing to Diesel catalysed DPF (80mg/km). No significant differences have been observed between additive and catalysed DPF for CO2 and NOx emissions. The cold start induces 10 to 20% more CO2 emissions for all tested vehicles. It induces 3 to 20 times higher PN emission with a great uncertainty. For NOx and NO2, the cold start induces about 40 to 60% less emissions for additive DPF Diesel vehicles. No significant impact has been observed for gasoline and catalysed DPF Diesel vehicles. DPF regeneration was observed for Artemis motorway driving cycles, with an increase of 100 – 200 times more PN emission than standard filter operation mode.