Abstract
Environmental or city-scale bioaerosol surveillance can provide additional value for biodefense and public health. Efficient bioaerosol monitoring should rely on multiplex systems capable of detecting a wide range of biologically hazardous components potentially present in air (bacteria, viruses, toxins and allergens). xMAP technology from LuminexTM allows multiplex bead-based detection of antigens or nucleic acids, but its use for simultaneous detection of different classes of pathogens (bacteria, virus, toxin) is questionable. Another problem is the detection of pathogens in complex matrices, e.g., in the presence of dust. In the this research, we developed the model xMAP multiplex test-system aiRDeTeX 1.0, which enables detection of influenza A virus, Adenovirus type 6 Salmonella typhimurium, and cholera toxin B subunit representing RNA virus, DNA virus, gram-negative bacteria and toxin respectively as model organisms of biologically hazardous components potentially present in or spreadable through the air. We have extensively studied the effect of matrix solution (PBS, distilled water), environmental dust and ultrasound treatment for monoplex and multiplex detection efficiency of individual targets. All targets were efficiently detectable in PBS and in the presence of dust. Ultrasound does not improve the detection except for bacterial LPS.
Highlights
Bioaerosol is a known source of biologically hazardous components or pathogenic biological agents (PBAs)
This study describes for the first time the successful multiplex immunodetection of bioaerosol pathogens from four biological classes (RNA virus, DNA virus, bacteria and toxin)
There was no significant effect of 0.1% Igepal CA-630 on the results of the other PBA multiplex detection
Summary
Bioaerosol is a known source of biologically hazardous components or pathogenic biological agents (PBAs). Aerosol-transmitted infectious agents cause the greatest concern for natural epidemic cases (Makarov et al, 2017) and as a source of potential bioterrorism (Barras and Greub, 2014). One of the best-known multiplex diagnostic platforms is the Multiple Analyte Profiling technology (xMAP; Luminex Corp., Austin, TX, United States). The idea behind this technology is 40 years old (Fulwyler, 1976; McHugh, 1994) and suggests the use of suspended polystyrene microbeads as a biosensor surface instead of a microplate bottom.
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