Impact of acute, oral ingestion of hypoxoside from African potato on hepatic and renal function tests in HIV infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy

Abstract

ObjectivesAfrican potato (hypoxis hemerocallidea) is used against HIV to enhance immune-function, although no studies have evaluated its use in HIV infected individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy. The study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of orally administered hypoxoside, a constituent of African potato, on the hepatic and renal function in HIV infected individuals on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/ lamivudine/ efavirenz regimen. MethodsThis was an open-label, two-period, fixed-sequence, pre-post test study, pilot design. Ethical approval was obtained from Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ A/2045) and Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ CT134/2016). Blood samples were collected before and after administration of African potato tablets. Tablets were administered orally once daily at 15 mg/ kg hypoxoside for 10 days. Hepatic function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, albumin, total/ direct bilirubin); renal function tests (eGFR, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) were assayed. STATA was used for statistical analysis. ResultsTwenty-six participants were enrolled (85 % female). Median age (range) was 43 (28–52) years. Most had overweight Body Mass Index (46 %) and were married (54 %). No statistical difference was noted during hypoxoside for AST/ ALT/ ALP/ GGT/ albumin/ bilirubin. There were no changes in creatinine/ eGFR/ electrolytes. A mean significant increase in total protein (p = 0.04) and decrease in blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.04) were noted. ConclusionShort-term exposure to hypoxoside from African potato appeared safe and was not associated with clinically significant changes in hepatic, renal function tests/ electrolytes. There is further need to evaluate extent of systemic exposure during long-term use in a larger population. Clinical trial registration numberPACTR201909691101062