Abstract
Abstract A trial was designed to examine effects of a high energy diet on obesity-associated biomarkers in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male rats (n = 176) were fed an AIN93G high-energy diet containing 16% dietary fat for 2 weeks, and segregated into obese-prone and obese-resistant phenotypes. Necropsies of animals displaying the highest (n = 10) and those displaying the lowest weight gain (n = 10) were conducted to examine potential differences in the concentration of immune biomarkers. Adipose, mucosal (ileum, ileal Peyer’s patches, cecum, proximal and distal colon), mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) and systemic (serum, liver, spleen) tissues were comparatively analyzed for cytokine or adipokine profiles. Obese rats had higher levels of leptin (P = 0.0001) and IL-22 (P = 0.059) in the distal colon and higher levels of IL-10 (P = 0.032) and TNF-α (P = 0.016) in the proximal colon compared to their obese-resistant counterparts. In obese-resistant rats, higher levels of CINC-2αβ (P = 0.048) occurred in mesenteric adipose tissue along with higher levels of soluble ICAM-1 (P = 0.018) in the mln. These findings suggest a high energy diet imparted differential effects on mucosal cytokine and adipokine production in colonic and mesenteric tissue between obese-prone and obese-resistant SD rats. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines are evident as little as 2 weeks after the initiation of a high-energy diet.
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