Impact of a coastal protection measure on sandy-beach meiofauna at Ahrenshoop (Baltic Sea, Germany): results from metabarcoding and morphological approaches are similar

Abstract

Sand nourishment is a common and often applied coastal protection measure along the beaches of the German Baltic Sea coast. At the tourist beach of Ahrenshoop, large-scale sand nourishments are completed every five years along a 4-km stretch. The nourishment in question was executed between the end of October 2021 and mid-February 2022. Meiofaunal communities at the beach-water interface were monitored at six stations before (September 2021) and for one year after the impact (March and September 2022, March 2023). To assess the effects of sand nourishment on meiofauna communities, two complementary approaches were employed: whole community metabarcoding and morphological determination and counting of the animals. Both methods produced consistent results regarding community response to disturbance and subsequent recovery. During the period from autumn 2021 to spring 2023, drastic changes in the composition of communities were observed. Directly after the impact, the taxa Acari and Annelida nearly disappeared, abundances of Copepoda decreased substantially, and Platyhelminthes increased notably. The fact that the studied beach held a low diversity may have facilitated that metabarcoding and morphological determination followed the same trend. After initial studies comprising both methods, efficient assessments using only metabarcoding may be considered for comparable sites and situations.