Abstract
BackgroundNo intervention follow-up study has examined the association between plasma n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine whether the administration of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in soy oil affected Lp-PLA2 activity in healthy adults.MethodsSelf-reported healthy participants (n = 150) were randomly assigned to three groups: a low LA group, in which 10 mL soy oil was replaced with one apple; a medium LA group, in which the typical food intake was maintained; and a high LA group, in which 1/3 cup of cooked refined rice was replaced with 9.9 g of soy oil capsules daily. Plasma fatty acids and Lp-PLA2 activity were measured along with other CVD risk factors.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of treatment, plasma LA levels decreased in the low LA group and increased in the high LA group. The high LA group showed greater increases in apolipoprotein B (apoB) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) than those in the low LA group. Plasma LA levels and Lp-PLA2 activities demonstrated greater increases in the high LA group than those in the medium and low LA groups. Changes in plasma LA positively and independently correlated with changes in Lp-PLA2 activity, which was negatively correlated with changes in collagen-epinephrine closure time (CEPI-CT).ConclusionsAn increase in plasma LA following intake of soy oil was independently associated with Lp-PLA2 activity, which was also related to apoB, ox-LDL and CEPI-CT.Trial registrationClinicalTrail.gov Identifier: NCT02753907, registered 25 April 2016 (retrospectively registered).
Highlights
No intervention follow-up study has examined the association between plasma n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)
All analyses were performed on an Agilent Technologies 7890 N gas chromatograph coupled to an Agilent Technologies 5977A quadrupole mass selective spectrometer with a triple-axis detector (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA) in the electron ionization mode (70 eV) and Clinical characteristics No significant differences in the baseline measurements between the 3 dietary groups were found for age, body mass index (BMI), daily energy intake, % carbohydrate, % protein, and % fat of total energy, blood pressure, lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, hemostatic markers and plasma levels of the four n-6 and three n-3 PUFAs (Table 1 and Fig. 1)
Carbohydrates substantially increased in the low LA group as they were given an apple instead of LA supplements, whereas they significantly decreased in the high LA group, who consumed extra LA instead of 1/3 cup of cooked refined rice
Summary
No intervention follow-up study has examined the association between plasma n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasma fatty acids and Lp-PLA2 activity were measured along with other CVD risk factors. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation reduces markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which are risk factors of CVD, including atherosclerosis [10]. No intervention study has examined the association between changes in plasma n-6 fatty acids and Lp-PLA2 activity, which is recognized as an independent risk factor for CVD [2]. The present follow-up intervention study aimed to determine whether 8 weeks of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) representing n-6 PUFA administration in the form of soy oil would alter Lp-PLA2 activity, as well as other CVD risk factors, in healthy adults
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