Abstract
One of the major issues associated with industrial production of menaquinone-7 (MK–7) is the low fermentation yield. In this study, we investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with 3–aminopropyltriethoxysilane (IONs@APTES) on the production of MK–7 using B. subtilis (ATCC 6633). Decoration of B. subtilis cells with IONs@APTES significantly enhanced both MK–7 production and yield. An approximately two-fold increase in MK–7 production (41 mg/L) was observed in the presence of 500 µg/mL IONs@APTES, as compared to MK–7 production using untreated bacteria (22 mg/L). This paper, therefore, illustrates the immense biotechnological potential of IONs@APTES in increasing MK–7 concentration using B. subtilis, and its future role in bioprocess engineering.
Highlights
In terms of human health, the intake of MK–7 plays a vital role in bone formation [1], reducing bone fractures [2], and in preventing postmenopausal bone loss by improving bone mineral calcification and femoral neck width [3]
In comparison to untreated cells, B. subtilis cells decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs)@APTES showed a significant increase in both MK–7 production and yield
The crystal structure of IONs@APTES was determined by XRD (Siemens D5000) with 2-Theta ranging between 20◦ and 90◦
Summary
In terms of human health, the intake of MK–7 plays a vital role in bone formation [1], reducing bone fractures [2], and in preventing postmenopausal bone loss by improving bone mineral calcification and femoral neck width [3]. Ent with 200 μg/mL IONs@APTES increased the B. subtilis MK–7 fermentation yield by approximately 43%. In comparison to untreated cells, B. subtilis cells decorated with IONs@APTES showed a significant increase in both MK–7 production and yield. It was, apparent that the increase in MK–7 concentration is not merely a reflection on cell density. The interaction of IONs@APTES with B. subtilis cells provides a brand-new domain for enhancing MK–7 production in B. subtilis fermentation without resulting in any harmful effect on bacterial growth. The increase in pH showed no negative impact on the MK–7 yield or bacterial growth
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