Impact of 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients with respect to clinical and biochemical profile: An experience from a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

IntroductionAmong the many micronutrients, Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 patients. Design and MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted on Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between April 5, 2021, and May 5, 2021. ResultsAmong 285 patients,77.2% of the patients who stayed for more than 14 days were either Vitamin D insufficient or deficient [P value<0.05]. In our study, the mean oxygen saturation at admission was 85.7% in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 95.6% in Vitamin D sufficiency patients. [P value<0.05]. Mean serum ferritin was 398ng/ml in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 393ng/ml in Vitamin D sufficiency patients[P value>0.05]. The mean C-reactive protein was 107.6mg/ml in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 21.8ng/ml in Vitamin D sufficiency patients[P value<0.05]. The mean D-Dimer was 2268 ng/ml in the Vitamin D deficiency group compared to 781 ng/ml in Vitamin D sufficiency patients. [P value<0.05].In the non-survivor group,97.4% were Vitamin D deficient and insufficient. Only 2% of the patients who survived were Vitamin D deficient. [P value<0.05]. ConclusionWe observed that low 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels were associated with lower oxygen saturation and higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores, requiring a more extended stay in the hospital. C-reactive protein and D-dimers were significantly higher in Vitamin D deficient patients, suggesting severe disease. We did not find statistically significant findings in the case of the correlation of serum ferritin levels with Vitamin D status.