Abstract
The impact energy and angular dependence of L X-rays of a thick polycrystalline tungsten (W; atomic number, Z = 74) target induced by 15–25 keV electrons has been measured at different angles varying from 15° to 75° at intervals of 5° using a Si PIN photodiode detector. The variation of measured relative intensity of Ll, Lα, Lβ and Lγ characteristic lines as a function of incidence angle is found to be anisotropic and the measured variation compares well with the PENELOPE simulation results. The angular variation of intensity ratio of Ll/Lα and Lβ/Lα shows anisotropic distribution, whereas the angular variation of the Lγ/Lα ratio exhibits almost isotropic distribution within the uncertainty of measurements. These measured ratios are found to be in good agreement with Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. The measured intensity ratios of Lβ/Lα and Lγ/Lα at a given incidence angle show a linear dependence with impact energy and exhibit good agreement with simulation results; however, the measured intensity ratio of Ll/Lα shows a non-linear variation with the impact energy and yields poor agreement with theoretical calculations.
Highlights
Theoretical and experimental investigations of electron-atom ionizing collisions have occupied physicists for many decades, and this topic is still the subject of intense research
In order to compare the experimental results of relative intensity of characteristic X-ray lines and their ratios with those of theoretical predictions, we have used the general-purpose Monte Carlo (MC) code
This code simulates the coupled electron-photon transport in matter using a combination of numerical and analytical physical models to describe the interactions of electrons and photons with matter
Summary
Theoretical and experimental investigations of electron-atom ionizing collisions have occupied physicists for many decades, and this topic is still the subject of intense research. A lower number of experimental studies on the angular distributions of characteristic L-group X-ray lines produced by electron impact have been reported in the literature, and most of such studies were done using photon sources with thin foils of pure elements, see, for example, Wang et al [9] and references therein. In their studies, the angular distributions of Lα and Lβ2 X-rays of W induced by 0–20 keV bremsstrahlung photons at different angles varying from 100◦ to 260◦ at intervals of 10◦ were measured and shown to be anisotropic.
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