Impact du bruit professionnel sur le développement de l’hypertension artérielle : enquête réalisée au sein d’une centrale de production d’électricité et de gaz en Tunisie

Abstract

BackgroundNoise pollution is one of the major environmental pollutants that can adversely affect public health. Cardiovascular diseases are the primary out-auditory adverse outcome caused by occupational noise exposure. AimsTo investigate the association between occupational exposure to high level of noise and blood pressure among a group of workers in a company of electricity production in the Centre of Tunisia. Material and methodsA total of 120 occupational noise-exposed workers and 120 non-exposed employees were recruited to conduct a cross-sectional survey exploring the association between occupational noise-exposed and arterial hypertension. Data collection was based on a questionnaire, a clinical exam and biomarkers. Blood pressure was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer following a standard protocol. The occupational noise level was measured with a portable calibrated sound meter. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of noise exposure adjusted by potential confounders. ResultsThe noise level to which our population was exposed ranged from 75dB to 103dB with an average noise level of 89dB. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the prevalence of hypertension were significantly higher in exposed individuals than in non-exposed. In multivariate analysis, elevated SBP in exposed workers was associated with high-salt diet (OR adjusted=1.71, 95% CI adjusted [1.14–1.98]) and occupational seniority more than 8 years (adjusted OR=5.31, 95% CI [2.22–12.72]). The factors associated with high BP in the exposed group were diabetes (OR adjusted to 15.31; 95% adjusted CI [2.61–89.58]), history of hypertension in the family (OR adjusted to 11.46; 95% adjusted CI [5.18–83][1.58–83.05]), mean of age (OR adjusted to 6.65; 95% adjusted CI [1.87–23.59]) and high-salt diet (OR adjusted to 0.29; 95% adjusted CI [0.09–0.95]). ConclusionOccupational chronic noise exposure was associated with higher levels of SBP, DBP, and the risk of hypertension. These findings indicate that effective and feasible measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of hypertension caused by occupational noise exposure in companies of electricity production.