Impact Assessment of Smell and Taste Disorders on Quality of Life in Thais Using the SF-36 Health Survey (Thai version)

Abstract

Objective: Smell and taste defects adversely affect both physical and mental health. The Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey is a widely used tool for the quality of life (QoL) assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smell and taste disorders on QoL in Thais using the SF-36 Health Survey (Thai version). Methods: This retrospective chart review included the patients with smell and taste disorders that attended our clinic during 2011 to 2016. Smell ability was evaluated by phenyl ethyl alcohol odor detection threshold, and smell discrimination and identification tests. Taste ability was evaluated by electrogustometry, regional testing, and modified taste strips. SF-36 was used to assess QoL. Results: Three hundred fifty-five patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 50.8±15.5 years, and 64.2% were female. Most patients (78.59%) had smell disorder only, 15.78% had taste disorder only, and 5.63% had both disorders. Specific to taste disorders, QoL was significantly lower in the patient group than in healthy population for the following 6 domains: physical function, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, and role-emotional (all p<0.05). Conclusion: The four major causes of smell and taste disorders are nasal/sinonasal diseases, idiopathic causes, post-URI, and head trauma. Women are more often affected than men. Although smell and taste disorders both adversely affect physical and mental health, the taste disorders cause more adverse effect. An assessment tool that is specific to smell and taste disorders may facilitate more detailed elucidation of the effect of these conditions on QoL.