Abstract
Following a 2016 pre-enactment survey, 42 swine veterinary practitioners were surveyed in 2017 to assess post-enactment impacts of the revised Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD). The survey evaluated veterinarian-client-patient relationships, client recruitment, VFD fees and creation, record keeping, education and training, business costs, and changes in antibiotic usage and on-farm management.
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